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本文转载自复旦大医院护理部 小美十月怀胎生了一个大胖宝宝，本想抱着宝宝好好亲一亲，却发现宝宝的耳朵上长了一个“小洞”！ 问问周围的小姐妹 说什么的都有—— 闺蜜1 我听长辈说这个洞洞是有福气的表现，洞洞是“粮仓”，宝宝长大了吃饭不愁！ 闺蜜2 对对对…我家老人也这么说，这个是“聪明洞”，说明孩子以后聪明有前途 小美 那就好，我吓死了… 还以为是什么不好的东西呢 闺蜜3 但我听人说这个洞联通大脑，可能有生命危险呢…… 请输入文字 小美听闺蜜们七嘴八舌了一番 更加茫然了 那么，“聪明洞”到底是什么呢？ 究竟对宝宝有没有危害呢？ 第二届汾阳科普大赛 精彩科普放送 ★二等奖作品★ 《大有来头的“聪明洞”》 ——护理部杨帆、莫晓杰 流量预警，土豪随意 视频03 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“聪明洞”其实是一种先天性耳畸形，在医学上称为“先天性耳前瘘管”。耳前瘘管其实从胚胎时期就出现了。胎儿发育时，形成耳廓的第一丶二腮弓融合不全，或者第一腮沟封闭不全，就会出现这样的情况，简单点说呢，就是胚胎时期耳朵上应该闭合的地方没有闭合好，所以留下了小孔。并不是所谓“有福的表现”。 耳前瘘管大部分患者都不需要手术，只需注意日常保持清洁，预防感染。反复发生感染的瘘管一定要手术治疗。 宝爸宝妈们要控制自己的强迫症千万不要挤压小孔，或者拿东西伸进小孔里面试探，以防增加瘘管发炎风险。当宝宝洗澡或哭泣时，也要注意不要让水或眼泪流入小孔，保持小孔局部的清洁干燥。 轻微的红肿或者出现异常分泌物时可以在瘘管口及周围红肿区域涂抹安尔碘消毒液或者百多邦软膏，这两种药都可以在药店买到，无需处方。 红肿范围逐渐扩大，局部像长了个脓疮一样，医院就诊，医生一般会开些抗生素，严重的情况还需要进行切开排脓，总体的治疗原则和身体其他部位的脓肿是一样的：抗生素+局部引流。 门诊治疗感染得到控制后，需要手术治疗切除瘘管防止再次发生感染。 想进一步了解？ 接着往下看哦—— 关于“聪明洞”的QA 耳前瘘管会遗传吗？ 耳前瘘管是一种常见的先天性畸形，所以又称为先天性耳前瘘管。它是常染色体显性遗传性疾病，男女都会遗传。国内统计过耳前瘘管发生率高达1.2%，单侧与双侧发病比例为4:1。我们常发现孩子来看病时，同行的父母，甚至爷爷奶奶、外公外婆耳前也有小洞，而且大多数人单侧还是双侧发病与上代也相同。也有少数人会同时伴有腭裂、小耳畸形、副耳等先天性畸形。 如果没有不舒服，是不是可以不用管它呢？ 有些人的耳前瘘管和主人一辈子和睦相处，也没有白色分泌物，那就不需要处理。有些人的耳前小洞口经常有白色分泌物，嗅觉灵敏点的总能闻到耳边有股臭味，有时小洞周围还会鼓起来。这时清洁瘘口就要比较小心了，不要用力过度，尽量不要用脏手用力挤压瘘口，避免继发感染。 如果影响社交或感觉清洁瘘口比较麻烦，也可以考虑手术。 门诊切排换药太痛苦了，可以不做吗？ 所谓切开排脓，就是在形成脓肿的部位切开一个小口，将脓液放出，促进感染的愈合。当然，耳前瘘管感染以后切排也是这个原理，但是过程就没那么简单了，一般来说至少一周左右才能控制感染，使伤口愈合，红肿及疼痛消退，但是有一部分小盆友反复几个月甚至半年持续切排+换药都不能控制感染，医院，宝宝因为剧烈的疼痛哭的哇哇叫，家长又心疼又烦躁。 但是很遗憾告诉大家，目前只有通过切排局部换药及抗生素才能控制急性感染。因为每个人瘘管情况不同，感染控制的时间无法确定，所以门诊家长很焦急的问医生什么时候才能好，医生也无法给出一个准确的时间。 宝宝年纪太小了，能不能不手术？ 手术全麻会不会影响大脑？ 因局麻无法配合，小孩子做手术一般都需要全身麻醉。相对于成人麻醉，小儿全麻风险确实更高一些，但是不做手术的话瘘管反复感染对宝宝的创伤会更大。 总体而言目前的麻醉技术已经相对成熟，医院的麻醉水平还是靠谱的。有些传言认为全麻会损伤大脑，目前认为是没有医学根据的。 手术后会留疤吗？ 虽说是个手术，但爸爸妈妈们也不用过分紧张，因为这是个非常小的手术，时间也比较短，加上现在医疗技术发达，所以基本上不会有后遗症，疤痕也不怎么明显。所以还是不用太担心了。 做完手术出院了，回家应怎么护理？ 做完手术一般2-3天出院，出院后应注意清淡饮食，保持伤口的清洁和干燥，千万不要泡水，尽量避免出汗，一般一周左右拆线。 经常有家长询问黄豆、牛肉之类的“发物”能不能吃？在西医中是没有“发物”这个概念的，注意清淡饮食即可，没有什么特别禁忌，宝宝按照平时饮食即可，荤素搭配，营养均衡。 ☆延伸阅读☆ 观看万+的颈椎健身操系列第二集来了！大医院骨科专家做操吧！ 观看万+的颈椎健身操系列第三集来了！大医院骨科专家做操吧！ 观看万+的腰椎健身操升级版第一集来了！大医院骨科专家做操吧！ 复旦大学医学科普研究所 您想越来越健康吗？ 您想了解并远离疾病吗？ 您想经常收到权威医学科普知识吗？ 还等什么， 赶紧扫描
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